Overview of the dynamics of the Traditional performing arts of Bali in the context of Cultural Tourism

Bali in two worlds

Bali in present is Bali living in two worlds. Two very different worlds, the mutual attraction, contested spaces real nature of Bali and spaces for human psychiatric Bali. The world is one of the world's traditional agricultural societies that have been rooted at least since 4000 years ago, soulless Hindu, with a variety of cultural expression; and the world is the world of modern Western civilization came to Bali as a consequence of the exploration and exploitation of the Western World (occupation) (Netherlands) in the 17th century who introduced the Bali to world trade, capitalism following its consumerism is more globalizing world.

The most tangible expression of traditional agricultural societies of the world are hundreds of kinds of ritual Bali indigenous religions that still dilakoni Balinese people, almost at any time, and often involves the performing arts both sacred and secular (profane, entertainment). Being the presence of the modern world can be seen from the shift in agricultural villages became cities and tourist areas such as Denpasar, Sanur, Kuta, Nusa Dua, Bali and continues to spread to other areas; as well as the inhabitants of Bali which kian gandrung with modern products such as cars, motorcycles, electronic goods and other. The world of traditional agricultural societies trying to survive so as not eroded while the modern world trying to capture because it's the nature of capitalism and consumerism. Balinese people live, wrestling between two worlds is the second world and seeks committed conflicting.

World of Balinese tradition with elements of Hindu worship of soulless nature and its ancestors are the result of evolution and acculturation of some cultures that came to the island: the ancestor from South China around 4000 years ago and Hindu-Buddhist culture either directly from India as well as through the expansion scenario have Java Hindu-Buddhist kingdoms in Java to Bali since the early 20th century 9. System and order the core life as is customary with the banjar village his direkat by the concept of Three Pura, interface of three (Puseh, villages, Dalem) and Pura family (sanggah/Merajan) as well as agricultural organization called subak which is expected to start in Bali early on applied the 11th until now remain strong presence in the city though. Traditional  institutions of social religious such as  village customs (desa adat), banjar  and subak was considered to be pillars supporting the Bali cultural sustainability (see Pitana 2002). This tradition teaches world philosophy of balance between the needs of jasmani-rohani as the source of happiness is achieved when there is a balance between the needs of agencies, social and spiritual needs. This conception is generally known as the Tri Hita Karana.

The modern world (West) go to Bali since the beginning of the 17th century by the arrival of the European explorers Explorers (Netherlands) to the region of the archipelago with a commercial motive, find and trade of spices. Sailors and merchants were also set foot in Bali, then trade with Kings in Bali. Spice hunting that continues into colonization of the Archipelago by the Netherlands. In the 1990s the cultural uniqueness of Bali with a start packed by the Netherlands for sale as a product tour. Tourism culture that initially only performed by several elite West (Europe, USA) for the purpose of viewing and enjoy the beautiful tropical island with its rich and unique (exotic) has now become a tourism bring people from different parts of the Earth in numbers exceeding one million annually. They are believed to come to Bali for the same purpose, enjoy the culture of Bali, although not a little too who came just to remove the saturation of their lives an intense routines and for business profit and instead settled in Bali. Some of the research and survey results do show that most tourists who come to Bali culture Bali are motivated by uniqueness (see Ardika 2004: 11).

The development of Tourism Culture Netherlands attempts to conquer Bali were indeed always gets a fierce resistance. Netherlands was only able to master the whole of Bali in 1908 through ruthless conquest condemned widely in Europe. To improve the image of the Netherlands, rushing to make policy-a policy to protect and keep Bali in order to remain "traditional". Bali was studied and written down in detail and systematic by scholars Netherlands. A policy which, according to Adrian Vickers, scholar of Australia, in his book Bali: A Paradise Created just intend to be able to sell products as Bali tourism.

Then, in 1914, the airline Cruise Netherlands (KPM) has published a brochure about the tourist island of Bali as "stunning", "pura island and Castle", "island of gods" and "place of women shirtless". Starting those years by KPM continuously bring a handful of elite tourists to Bali. In 1925 by KPM build Bali Hotels in Denpasar — the first hotel in Bali. Among these elite tourists there are artists, anthropologists or writers with their writings and the interpretation of the 1930s began to coagulate the image of Bali in the eyes of the world as an island paradise. The image that remains attached to the present.

Some scholars argue that the Balinese people started to define their culture on the basis of the definition outlined by people outside. Balinese people conform (do appropriation) confirmed themselves to constantly perform traditional; do a traditional theatre or simulacra (see Kurnianingsih 2002; Ruastiti 2005). In an attempt to maintain in order to keep the traditional local Government of Bali, through regional Regulations No. 3 of 1974 (on the revision being number 3 in 1991) declaring that the Government tourism developed in Bali is a Cultural Tourism. Tourism in the development of regional culture and development using the Balinese Hindu religion imbued who was part of the national culture as the basic potential of the dominant (Ardika 2004: 21).

After Indonesia's independence day, an effort to develop to its full potential as a tourist destination Bali became an important agenda of President Soekarno; all the more so the Government of President Suharto, and continues to the present. Construction of luxury hotels Bali Beach Hotel by Sukarno and luxury tourism complex development of Nusa Dua by Soeharto with his Master Plan in 1971 by a French company, SCETO, which dealt with followed up with the construction of 12 luxury along with other supporting facilities are early examples of those efforts (Rai, 2003). Big continues to infuse capital financier created a tourism boom in the 1980s; pariwsata mass culture that continues to the present. 2002 Bali bombing had made Bali tourism deserted but slowly recovered.

sources : http://www.budpar.go.id/budpar/asp/detil.asp?c=5&id=1031