Java-Indonesia have Belt

(A complete overview About the construction of the overpass South of the island of Java)

The island of Java would be belted, half a part of the belt that is now named cross street Shuttle. Half of the Southern Cross Street is known as cross Street South of the island of Java. Cross Street South of the island of Java-Indonesia is now in the stages of development requiring funding more than trylyun dollars.

The island of Java which is included in The Group has grown in Indonesia, is the region with the development of an economy that is very rapidly and the potential, where the island of Java has the potential of natural resources and human resources. But in reality, not all areas in Java, shows the development of the same. Physically the area north of the island of Java is more developed than the southern region. Condition of the road infrastructure in the region North of Java such as Pantura has been able to lift the wheel of the economy, social activities, and the mobility of citizens, whereas due to the limitations of the road infrastructure in the region South of Java, the development of the region and the low level of well-being of the community still found even many isolated areas. Java-Indonesia have Belt course this is just a term, because Java is like having a belt .
This is proven by the existence of cities and towns in the northern region is more developed, such as Jakarta, Surabaya and Cirebon, etc. In addition the percentage of the value of GDP per capita area of Northern Java is much higher compared to the South. Average of all sectors of the economy in the region of southern Java has a very small contribution, with a percentage between 0-13%.
Java-Indonesia require belt due to the fact of southern Java area, has a huge potential of natural resources, in addition to having a fertile land, mine resources, tourism, also rich in marine resources. A wide range of potential it's possible to do a more optimal development.
The potential of this key can also be seen in real per capita GDP in the percentage of the value of southern Java area. The agricultural sector provides a large enough value in the kontibusi GDP per capita of the province which reached 35-50%. In addition, there is potential in tourism, especially nature tourism, with the contribution of GDP per capita of the province of 18-22%. Wealth and abundant potential for these of course is a strategic factor that is able to push the progress of southern Java area as well as improving the welfare of the community if developed optimally with the support of economic and social infrastructure is adequate.
The following description of the potential that exists in some parts of Java island to the South.

Figure 1

 Examples of Potential Natural Resources in the region of South-East Java

Description:

A = Mining

B = Tourism

C = Industry (Craft)

D = Plantation

E = Fishing

Figure 2

Examples of Potential Natural Resources in southern West Java

                                      Description:
                                                     A = Agricultural
                                                     B = Tourism
                                                     C = Plantation
                                                     D = Farm
                                                     E = Forestry
                                                     F = Industry (Craft)

As an attempt to balance the growth of the North coast of Java and the southern coast of the island of Java as well as to face the challenges of density pantura Java one is with the construction of infrastructure. One of the infrastructure to be built is in the form of roads and bridges. Why?
Because roads and bridges is the infrastructure that can become veins in developing an area as well as the creation of regional space structure. Related to this, the efforts made by the Government is the development and improvement of the infrastructure of cross street in the South of the island of Java.
In accordance with the policy of infrastructure development, one of the functions of the construction of road network traffic South of the island of Java is to ensure the smooth movement of goods from the region of production to marketing purposes as well as the movement of people between centres the settlements.
Cross Street South of the island of Java was planned for connecting 5 provinces in Java, Banten, West Java, Central Java, Yogyakarta and East Java, which starts from Labuan Island (Banten) to Banyuwangi, East Java province along with the length of 1,614 km, in masingmasing province is
            1. Banten 128 km,
            2. West Java 419 km,
            3. Central Java 190 km,
            4. Special region of Yogyakarta 157 km, and
            5. East Java all 662 km.

The initial step in the construction of the overpass South of the island of Java have been initiated in 1997-1998 to do pre-feasibility study. Proceed with the feasibility study on the 2000-2001, and 2002 'S ENVIRONMENTAL studies, as well as the design and implementation of construction in 2002-2007.
In fact during the time in the southern region of Java has been constructed the road districts and provinces, where investment by each region is quite large, but still not quite sufficient to unlock the potential isolation that would otherwise be utilized optimally by its inhabitants.
With the founding of the Southern Cross network of roads that classy national road with a primary artery function 24 meters wide and are road network that connects all over. This southern part of the island of Java, at least the issue of accessibility has been resolved. It can be said that the construction of the Cross Street South is not only to facilitate transport from West to East and vice versa, but it is important to improve the well-being of millions of residents in the area south of the Java island .
Determination of the route starting from the results of the Detailed Engineering Design of the Planner and then conducted a review of the location of the shared between the provincial government with each of the District Government and discussed in several sessions. The results of the meeting be integrated with network study conducted by the Central Government, i.e. the study of the Arterial Road Network Java (JARN). Next from the result set routes cross Street South of the island of Java in terms of its funding through the sharing of the Central Government which is more proportionate.
Currently, the currently existing condition Cross Street South of the island of Java have not fully functioning. In addition to being a bad road surface conditions are also due to several bridges connecting unfinished created in some stretches of the road.
Examples of cases in the province of West Java, Cross Street South in West Java province over 5 counties, namely, Cianjur, Sukabumi, Garut, Tasikmalaya and Ciamis.
The existing condition of the road although the majority have been paved, but the roads are still in the stage magnification or damaged in several sections. In Cianjur, still there is a bridge that has not been completed causing the Cross Street South was cut off. In addition, the conditions of the region South of Java, which is relatively hilly quite troublesome for road construction with a flat contours.
Cross lanes South of the island of Java which is later expected to be part of a network of cross street and became the main access in addition to the North, not detached from the constraints that exist, among others, physical condition or the contours South of the island of Java, limited funding, procurement, and also issues annual contracts.
Physical condition or the South Beach area contour yg weight in this case is a cross-roads, mostly through the mountains, cliffs, and canyons that should be handled with strong construction of avalanche and landslide threats. Examples of cases in the province of West Java, which is still a large number of rocky road or not worthy of being passed along the Southern Cross. The link (link junction) which connects the North with the South also has not been adequate, with the condition of the area is mostly hilly mountains. The quality of the course of just a notch road districts and villages, with a width of approximately 5 meters.
While the condition in his left-right way is the Hill and ravine.(see Figure 3). Other constraints related to the physical conditions are examples of cases in the province of Yogyakarta special region. On the link a 7 in Yogyakarta, the construction of the bridge is of importance in the continuity of the road network or corridor. Link 7 requires a link bridge close to the sea with a length of 600 meters (see Figure 4)
The next obstacle is the limited funds, which can be divided into two problems. The first is a matter of design. The limitations of existing funds has resulted in the construction of the Cross Street South is a newer alignment than the study of the technique is a priority aspect of geological, drainage, and others. Though both of these are actually the same importance and cannot be separated from each other.
The second problem is the construction. Construction funds for a total of 1,614 km long path involving many districts with limited quantities must be allocated to all counties, and so smaller funds be accepted each district.
The third constraint is about the procurement of land. One of the constraints of land located in terms of procuring the release of the land. Exemption of land is one of the problems terumit in construction of roads, including the construction of the overpass South of the island of Java. Most of the land that would be fetched as roads are owned by local residents. Therefore, the exemption of land must be through negotiations between the Government of tricky with the community, inter alia by providing redress as appropriate and also understanding that the construction of the Cross Street South will also positively affect the welfare of the population is about. for In addition to the property of individuals or local residents, land tenure to be used as cross Street South is also part of the land is forest.
Not less complex, for the use of teak wood land, it first has to pass through the mechanism of loan-use with compensation of 1: 1 match Candy Forestry Number : P. 14/Menhut-II/2006, as well as meet some requirements include design, ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT studies, the ability of land compensation, and others.
The last obstacle is an annual contract. Annual contracts give negative effects in terms of lost time and inefficient due to the process of procurement, necessitating the maintenance of the road that has not been completed. Here is a picture of some of the obstacles that occur at cross Street South of the island of Java.

Figure 3

Example Problems Of Physical Condition Cross Street South

in the area of West Java

 

Description:

A = the road conditions are not yet paved

B = milestone

C = cobbled streets and uphill

D = milestone along a more or less 5 km

E = the bridge connecting the disconnected so it can't pass

F = Path meandering with steep enough slope

G = the road sloped quite steep

Figure 4

Example Problems Of Physical Condition Cross Street South

in the area of Central Java and YOGYAKARTA

Description:
A = new roads in the province of YOGYAKARTA has been using the bridge along 600 m
B = cross Street South in the province of YOGYAKARTA which still use the existing segment (not yet built the bridge)
C = new roads cross the southern part of Central Java province in Indonesia
D = the road is still in the stage of completion

Of the various things that are already described above relating to the Cross Street South of the island of Java, it requires a long process as well as attempts to cross Street South of the island of Java was completed. One of the most important thing is that this development should be fixed in accordance with the rules of the Chamber so that the later is expected in the future, Cross Street South it will be a road network that really pay attention to the technical rule and sustainable development, so that really can improve the economy of the region South of the island of Java.

It would, the construction of the overpass South of the island of Java is focused on the acceleration to be utilized by the public road, although for the traffic light.
If the belt is the island of Java is finished, we will encounter panoramic views of the beautiful beaches such as Kute-Bali. Just look and compare the pictures of the beach here.

( Sights in Kute-Bali )

 ( Sunset , in Kute-Bali )

Here's a view of the beach is on the Cross Road South of Java island, namely: 

Picture Banyuwangi's Beach

                                          Description :

                                                            1. Pulau Merah Beach Banyuwangi
                                                            2. Lampon Beach Pesanggaran- Banyuwangi
                                                            3. Plengkung Beach
                                                            4. Grajagan Beach

There are beaches in the South Malang East Java, that its beauty like the Tanah Lot-Bali

Balekambang Beach-Malang

Ujung Genteng Beach

JLS as The Cross Street South of the island of Java at South Malang

I present the South Cross Road (JLS) located in the southern coast of Malang Regency. The information about JLS was obtained when I made a trip with colleagues to see off one of my friend moving to Sumbermanjingwetan Subregion Malang Regency.
Southern Cross Road East Java, Banyuwangi-Pacitan, where Malang Regency is a central axis along the ±140 km of total road length ± 650 KM of JLS. In 2011, the acceleration of the construction and completion is planned in 2013. JLS will connect Malang Regency to the East Banyuwangi/Bali and to the West Pacitan/Jogjakarta; both are the main beach of tourism in Indonesia.
JLS in South Coastal of Malang Regency is one of the three infrastructure to leverage economy of Malang Regency, while the other two are the construction of Pandaan-Malang Highway and Abdul Rahman Saleh Airport.

Optimization of the coastal area south of Malang Regency which is a strategic plan the government of Malang Regency led by Ibnu Rubianto (pbuh) has became people’s expectation in Malang Regency especially South Malang, because the southern coast of Malang Regency has beautiful and virgin beaches. The beaches with wave swash and mostly rugged shaped lot are abundant, among others if being traced from east to west for four districts only, there are Tamban and Sendag Biru beach in Sumbermanjingwetan district, Balekambang beach in Bantur district, Kondang Iwak beach, Mbanthol beach, Ngliyep beach and Jonggring Saloko beach in Donomulyo district. Not to mention the eastern beach which is located in Dampit and Tirtoyudo district.
JLS in south coast of Malang Regency is flashed on the shoreline of south beach which is predicted to invite the growth of tourism in South Malang such as accommodation and other tourism facilities is also expected to foster economy sector such as fisheries, farming and trade in South Malang region. As a proof of the hope, on the North coast of Bajul Mati there’s shrimp pond large enough with land on lease from the local people, said Drs. Mujiar, principal of Dharma Wirawan Malang High School.
Once JLS in Malang Regency is completed you can trace over started from Jogjakarta toward Bali and stop by in South Malang by pampering the eyes to see the coastal scenery as well as blended in TPI (Fish Auction Place) in Sendang Biru beach. You can eliminate the fatigue of the trip by stopping by in South Malang beaches playing around on the white sand beach as well as listening to the crashing and rumbling waves of the southern sea.
According to the Bina Marga strategic plan Malang Regency, JLS is a central program, whereas Malang Regency will completed JLS flipper in the late of 2011.

Cucak Rowo Bird

GENERAL

Bird cucakrowo or cucakrawa is one of the members of the friarbird. Vented or also called cucak-cucakan (java-language) (family Pycnonotidae) are a tribe of passerine from Africa and tropical Asia. These birds have the most mellifluous voices and chants are varied, often being a fuss by forest mainly her voice in the morning and afternoon. In the United Kingdom, the birds is known as the Bulbuls.

The original merbah in Malay refers to several types of passerine furry bleak in scrub, including species of birds-deer, tepus, bentet and others. Here, for the sake of standardization of terminology as used LIPI, the photograph used is limited to calling the birds of the family Pycnonotidae. Also called the Brown Shrike, the birds of the family has several other general term like friarbird (Java); tempuruk, empuruk; tempulu ', empulu ', pampulu, empuloh (various Malay in Sumatra and Kalimantan); and others.

Medium-sized, these birds are usually somewhat sleek-bodied, short neck, and tail is rather long. Often subtle bermisai.

Some species have bright colours: yellow, Orange, red, on the chest, abdomen or around his body. However most shadowy olive brown, greyish or yellowish, with yellow, orange or red in his ass. Male and female are similar.

Some with black on the head, the crest that can be digerak-move, or a white beard.

Brown Shrike is primarily a bird-eating fruit and insects. In the forest, most birds love to roam the grasslands and open woodlands half, picking fruit from a large small and hunt insects. Although some prefer to stay on top of the trees.
Often found in pairs or in groups, these birds are sometimes mixed with other types. Many voiced loud calling each other.

Brown Shrike nest in trees or shrubs, in the form of a cup of grass, leaves, stalks or incised leaves, mixed with other fibers. Egg 2-3 rounds.

VARIOUS TYPES OF VENTED

In Indonesia there are 27 species, primarily concentrated its spread in the western part of Indonesia. Only two species are spread far to South Sulawesi, one of which is also available in Lombok. However the two allegedly spread because brought humankind (feral, the later spin-off birds breed).

But strangely enough there was one of the members of this tribe spread limited (endemic) on the Islands around Sulawesi and Maluku, Brinji gold (Alophoixus affinis (Hypsipetes)). Even as living in the area of islands that are isolated from each other over millions of years, this species has evolved into nine different subspecies.
Some examples of this in addition to the tribe members vented cucak rowo (Pycnonotus zeylanicus) is a bulbul (p. melanicterus), Friarbird-headed bulbul (p. aurigaster), Orange-spotted bulbul (p. bimaculatus), yellow-vented bulbul (p. goiavier), olive-winged bulbul (p. plumosus) and Empuloh beard (Alophoixus bres).

Common bulbul is known as cucakrawa, cangkurawah (Sundanese), and barau-barau (Malay). In the United Kingdom called the Straw-headed Bulbul, referring to the colour of the head are a pale straw-yellow. The scientific name is Pycnonotus zeylanicus (Gmelin, 1789).

Medium-sized birds, the total body length (measured from tip of beak to tip of tail) of about 28 cm has a Crown (the top of the head) and an orange-colored earplugs or pale straw-yellow; continuous strip on the side of the Chin and the bridle lines across the eyes is black. Olive-brown dorsal bercoret-white streak, wings and tail are greenish or olive-brownish green. The Chin and the throat is white or whitish; the neck and chest grey-white bercoret; Grey, abdomen and buttocks are yellow. Iris reddish-colored, Black beak and feet are dark brown, ...



CUCAKROWO HABITAT
As the name suggests, the straw-headed bulbul is commonly found in swamps and marshes and swamps around the River, or on the edge of the forest. Often hiding behind foliage and only heard his voice.

The sound is heavier and harder than generally cucak and vented. Clear, clear whistles, raw rhythmic melodious. Often times sounding bersahut-sahutan.

In nature, these birds feed on insects, snails, and various fruits are soft fruit such as figs types.

In the lowlands and hills in the Malay Peninsula, Sumatra (includes Nias), Borneo, and the western part of Java. In Indonesia there are up to an altitude of 800 m above sea level, but is now already very rare due to poaching.

It is one of the very popular as a pet bird, due to the melodious booms. In Java, it's been very much dwindled the population due to hunting scene since the early ' 80s.

The birds listed in Java with most imported from Sumatra and Borneo. Now in many parts of the island of Sumatra (for instance in Jambi, along the stems of Bungo) one population continue to be ebbing. Collar et al. (MacKinnon et al., 1994, in 2000) classifies population bulbul into vulnerable status. Similarly the IUCN stated that this bird is Vulnerable (VU, Vulnerable). Descriptions of the conservation status of the more detailed can be seen on the IUCN site below.

If there is no better rescue measures from now on, perhaps some years into the future these birds just lived memories; living mentioned in song as in the Villages Cucakrowo in Java.

HALLMARK BASED ON ORIGIN REGION
In general there is no difference in the volume of voice types, attitudes and based by region of origin/habitation. Cucakrowo Sumatra and Kalimantan have good minded individuals, there is a volume of great thin-voiced, some were and some were voiced ropel. Physically, the relative areas of Sumatra cucakrowo is larger than the other islands. However, in general body cucakrowo in Borneo who entered Malaysia region, such as bongsor-bodied cucakrowo Sumatra.

CAPTIVE
Captive Cucak rowo BIRD was in Tumpang  Malang in East Java province. This area is the area in the East Malang lies about 11 KM from the city of Malang is one of the flagship regional tourism Government of Malang.

TIPS CHOOSE CUCAKROWO
There are some important things to note in the selection of materials or going on a bird cucakrowo.

1. Body Posture. Choose a material with berpostur large elongated neck, body and long tail and legs are mismatched. Please choose the material closely, generally short and berpostur small body.
2. Form of the beak, we recommend that you choose a half width of the shape, thick-stemmed, large and long. Bottom half should be straight. Don't choose materials that have crooked beaks. The position of the nostrils select as close as possible to the position of the eye.
3. Wings and strong legs mencengkram meetings, this indicates that healthy ingredients. Color of the legs does not affect the attitudes of birds.
4. Agile and lust for a great meal. This is the material characteristics of good minded individuals.
5. This represents the sound, Diligent bird has bright prospects.
6. Long neck solid contains. Indicates the bird would emit power voice to its full potential.

HOW TO CARE

• Venue: Cucakrowo could be maintained with a square box with the size at length 45-60 cm high by 60-70 cm. whilst the perch or a perched bird can be made from the wood of an acid with a diameter of 1.5 cm.

• Feed: same as other birds in General, the feed menu requires cucakrowo virtual so that the sufficiency of the nutrients, vitamins and mineralnya. Good feed, in addition to complete nutrisinya like protein, carbohydrates, as well as his complete such as vitamins A, D3, E, B1, B2, B3 (Nicotimanide), B6, B12, C and Hse. In addition, the need to also contain essential substances such as D-Methionine L-Lysine HCl, I, Folic Acid (is in fact a form of vitamin B) and Ca-D

 In addition to vitamins, it is necessary also the adequacy of minerals. The minerals required in the formation of bone, blood and body fluid balance, nerve function in healthy, heart blood vessel system function and others. Like vitamins, minerals to function as a ko-enzyme, allowing the body to perform its functions such as producing energy, growth and healing.

That includes the required mineral cucakrowo bird is Calcium, Phosphor, Iron, Iodium Manganase, Cuprum, Zinccum, Magnesium, Sodium, and Potassium Chlorin.

I LOVE MY COUNTRY WITH ALL ANIMAL

Barong -Rangda Dance (Balinese Dance)

This dance is the cultural heritage of Hinduism who uses puppets Pre intangible quadruped or ancient humans that have magical powers.

Barong mask made from wood taken from the austere places such as graves, therefore sacred objects is a Statue was sanctified by the Hindu community in Bali. These dance performances with or without play, always beginning with the show opener, which was accompanied by the gamelan. There are several types of dance frequently intermediat yet staged for the consumption of tourism that is the kind of Baring Ket. Barong and Rangda Sakralisasi, the point is:

Not every tangible objects such as the Barong and Rangda may be called Barong and Rangda. It is related to whether or not there is sakralisasi process through the ceremony. If this string does not exist, can just Barong and Rangda called "barong-barongan" and "rangda-rangdaan" (barong and rangda imitation). This is important because the sakralisasi process of embodiment of the Barong and Rangda will show the value of magisnya so that people feel closer spiritually.

Although the mask along with the jewelry/accessories have been installed, will not be able to have a magical power before getting the ceremony Utpeti (sanctification). This sanctification process is conducted in several levels, namely:

1. Levels of Prayascita and Mlaspas.
2. Levels of Ngatep and Pasupati.
3. Levels of Masuci and Ngerehin.

Barong dance is the third series of the ceremony baliDengan the barong and rangda may be said to have been sacred, sacred, containing the value of the beraspek relegius as well as majis entitled Mantilla as aspects of God's power and become religious objects in steadying the value sense of filial piety.

Before the third level of the above ceremony was held, the first carried out several activities, namely:

1. Specifies the days both manufacture Barong and Rangda so the becomes very sacred items is determined by the determination of a good day.
2. Determine the type of wood that will be used for the manufacture of masks Barong and Rangda. Commonly used wood is wood that is believed to have magical powers.
3. Awarding of colours. Awarding of colours on a mask Barong and Rangda is a thing that is important because with a good color match and will give the impression of living as well as authoritative as well as the great.
4. Barong and Rangda outlined.
5. Installation of feathers and other accessories.

Barong ket dance or called Barong Keket dance Keket is most widely found in Bali and most often performed as well as having a complete motion dance pebendaharaan. From there, the Barong Ket is a cross between a lion, Tiger, cow or boma. The Barong is decorated with carvings made from leather, affixed a glittering mirror glass and feathers are made of perasok (a kind of plant fibers from the leaves of pandan-like), roofed there anyway from feather crows.

To dancing this Barong carried on by two dancers called Interpreters Saluk /Interpreter Bapang, a dancer at the head and the other on the rump and tail. Barong dance was painted about fight Keket endless between virtue (dharma) and evil (adharma) which is a combination that always opposite

(Domestic and overseas tourists watch Barong dance)

Barong is composed of two types, namely Barong for religious ceremonies and Barong for the show. Barong for the ceremony are stored in Pure displayed only if there's any ceremonies. While the Barong for the show is usually in the presence of tourists instead of religious ceremony for the statue. Barong dance can be seen in Denpasar-Bali.

These dance performances with or without titles, always beginning with the show opener, which is accompanied by different Gamelan Gong Kebyar, Gamelan Batel, and Gamelan Babarongan .

The Barong types up to now still in Bali is as follows:

1. Barong Ket
2. Barong Batal (cancel)
3. Barong Asu (dog)
4. Barong Brutuk
5. Barong Kedingkling
6. Barong Gajah(elephan)
7. Barong Macan(tiger)
8. Barong Landung
9. Barong Kambing(goat's)
10. Barong Sai

The Beauty Of Indonesia

When I was still in high school, my teacher said that the nation of Japan was invited to exchange areas, I think why Japan has been advanced that wants to exchange the area with one of the areas in Indonesia. Indonesia was indeed beautiful, beautiful charming.

What makes me amazed to this my country? Among them are:

• Indonesia has diverse cultures. For example, such as language, dress, customs, arts etc. all depends on their respective areas. with the various cultures in Indonesia, then it can deepen the culture of each other. "Bhineka tunggal Ika" which means vary but remain one. Yes that's INDONESIA

• Indonesia Cuisine. Perhaps, had I was able to explore the world, I can't find the food very tasty world except in Indonesia. With a wealth of spices in Indonesia, then an awful lot of variety of dishes with a wide variety of seasonings Indonesia certainly tasty all. I can call it that Indonesia is a heaven for food in the world.

• Natural Beauty. I'm amazed by the natural beauty of Indonesia. From the start to an impressive natural landscape and soil fertility in Indonesia. Yeah like this image:

(Image taken from the National Geograpics)

This image is one of the attractions and the natural landscape in Indonesia. Nice isn't it??

• Indonesia is the world's largest muslim country. The number of adherents of the religion of Islam in Indonesia is about 216 million or 88% of the population of Indonesia. Indonesia also has the largest number of mosques and Hajj pilgrims home country in the world. It's no wonder if the traders in saudi Arabia are mostly speak Indonesia. In addition, for the Muslims who want to go or streets to Indonesia would be very easy to find the mosque or the mosque to worship.

• Indonesia is the country with the largest areas of language, i.e., 583 languages. The national language is Indonesia language although local languages with the largest number of users in Indonesia's Java language.

• Indonesia was ranked 1st in agricultural products, namely: cloves (cloves) & nutmeg (nutmeg), as well as pringkat to 2 in producing natural rubber (Natural Rubber) and crude palm oil (Crude Palm Oil).

• Indonesia is the world's largest maritime Country with waters of 93 thousand km2 and has a long coastline of about 81 thousand km2 or almost 25% of the length of the beach in the world.

Every ride an airplane, and then view the current state of the skip over, then indeed there is nothing as beautiful as Indonesia. Starting from Aceh to Papua, large islands, small appeared green. Consists of mountains, paddy fields, verdant forests, everything looks wonderful.

Beauty is more evident again when viewed up close. When traveling by land vehicles, where, from one place to another, from one island to another island, it appears everywhere. In all the areas traversed there is always some trees, paddy fields, hills, mountains, and gardens, and beautiful plants.

Due to the trees or grow any tumb-uhan can be grown and living, then just about any fruit in Indonesia it is sometimes difficult to recognize the names. What are planted to grow and bear fruit. Different types of fish, sea fish, fish ponds and rivers, all exist everywhere. So are the different types of mines, such as oil, gas, coal, gold, diamond and others.

There is indeed only the parts of the damaged environment, such as forests in Java, Borneo, Sumatra, Sulawesi, and even also in Papua. These forests are damaged by human behavior. As a result, many rivers that water is narrowing and even dry. The trees are cut down, which was originally to shady areas that become bald. But actually still berpontensi for planting back.

Beautiful picture like it's not going to come by in other countries, especially in many parts of the berpadang sand. If we're flying over Egypt, Sudan, Saudi Arabia, Iran, Iraq, Yemen, then brownish color look is. The area is either desert broad. In the Sudan or Egypt, if seen from the air there are parts of the verdant-looking, but only limited around the area impassable to the Nile. A bit far from the river the land is barren area as cue pinkish and barren.

Desert area, in addition to the barren, too hot. Can't imagine how hard the farmers or ranchers to develop his business. If you ever come across an area in Riyad, named Ashofi. The desert was contrived as a center of dairy farms. To merely raising water cattle, they first have to change the desert into a garden in the tropics. Beriku-thousands of hectares of the area is Rocky and sand are depicted in waterways and planted trees and grass.

Furthermore, where it was made of cow cages, at each location approximately 40 000 tail, and because of the hot air, then the enclosure must be equipped with air conditioning. Cages must be cow, so that the cattle were AC can live and thrive. Can't imagine how much extra cost that must be removed if compared raising water in Indonesia. Imagine how hard it is raising water in the desert area make easy to enjoy the natural beauty of the country.

Indeed the beauty of this homeland, presumably not easily perceived and even enjoyed for people who rarely go to arid countries and especially those of the desert. Late last year, I had the opportunity to travel to Russia. Incidentally there was winter, temperatures of about minus 15 degrees. Everywhere there is snow and of course a very torturing, especially for me who have never been to the area to cool like that. Again, when encountered such circumstances, reminding how good and beautiful Archipelago.

The beauty of Indonesia recognized by a probe of the country.

The beauty of Indonesia, is often expressed by many people who come from overseas. No exception lecturers coming from Sudan, Saudi Arabia, Egypt, and Australia, who taught several years at UIN Maliki Malang. When the first people of Sudan and Egypt to the top of Batu City Malang East Java at night. Once in place they were shocked, amazed and commented, if this is the paradise promised by God. The beauty Batu at the time of the night, for they are very admirable. During this time, they have never seen such a beautiful place, as stone town at night.

Whereas, Batu city  is not only a beautiful place in the country. There are many other places that are not less beautiful. Only unfortunately indeed the beauty of it, in some places has been reduced, due to its human behavior. This is a very beautiful country, which should be settled by people who are thankful and optimistic. Not vice versa, always complaining and feeling of inferiority.

Still a lot of beauty and an excess of Indonesia. I think indonesia has indeed beautiful. and how about you?? :)

Lake Toba

Toba is the largest freshwater lake in Indonesia

 

Lake Toba in Indonesian called Danau Toba is a lake and supervolcano. The lake is 100 kilometres long and 30 kilometres wide, and 505 metres, 1,666 ft at its deepest point. Located in the middle of the northern part of the Indonesian island of Sumatra with a surface elevation of about 900 metres, 2,953 ft, the lake stretches from 2.88°N 98.52°E to 2.35°N 99.1°E. It is the largest lake in Indonesia and the largest volcanic lake in the world.

Lake Toba is the site of a supervolcanic eruption that occurred 69,000 to 77,000 years ago, a massive, climate-changing event. The eruption is believed to have had a VEI intensity of 8. It is believed to be the largest explosive eruption anywhere on Earth in the last 25 million years. 

 

According to the Toba catastrophe theory to which some anthropologists and archeologists subscribe, it had global consequences, killing most humans then alive and creating a population bottleneck in Central Eastern Africa and India that affected the genetic inheritance of all humans today.

This theory however, has been largely debated as there is no evidence for any other animal decline or extinction, even in environmentally sensitive species. However, it has been accepted that the eruption of Toba led to a volcanic winter with a worldwide decline in temperatures between 3 to 5 °C, 5 to 9 °F, and up to 15 °C, 27.0 °F in higher latitudes.

The Toba caldera complex in Northern Sumatra, Indonesia consists of four overlapping volcanic craters that adjoin the Sumatran "volcanic front". The youngest and fourth caldera is the world's largest Quaternary caldera,100 km, 62 mi by 30 km 19 mi and intersects the three older calderas.
 

An estimate of 2,800 km3, 670 cu mi of dense-rock equivalent pyroclastic material, known the Youngest Toba tuff, was blasted from the youngest caldera during one of the largest single explosive volcanic eruptions in geologic history. Following the "Youngest Toba tuff eruption", a typical resurgent dome formed within the new caldera, joining two half-domes separated by a longitudinal graben.

There are at least four cones, four stratovolcanoes and three craters visible in the lake. The Tandukbenua cone on the NW edge of the caldera is relatively lacking in vegetation, suggesting a young age of only several hundred years. Also, the Pusubukit volcano on the south edge of the caldera is solfatarically active.